Avoiding punctuation ‘mass hysteria’

My favorite exchange from the 1984 movie “Ghostbusters” comes when the team is trying to convince the mayor of New York to let them out of jail so they can re-capture the ghosts running amok in the city.

I sometimes like to apply those lines of dialogue to punctuation: “Hyphens and dashes being used the wrong way! mass hysteria!”

Hyphens and dashes have different uses. They cannot be used interchangeably. Though the incorrect use of these punctuation marks may not cause mass hysteria, it’s still important to get it right.

Here’s how to tell the difference and use each correctly.

Hyphens

Hyphens connect words, prefixes, and suffixes, and are generally used to avoid ambiguity. For a complete discussion of these hyphenation rules, please see the article “Heading off hyphenation headaches.”

Hyphens are also used to separate numbers that are not inclusive, such as telephone numbers or social security numbers. Hyphens are likewise used in URLs, email addresses, and to spell out a word letter by each letter.

Em dashes